Chandra(月亮之神,https://www.nasa.gov/chandra/)是美國發射的X射線探測衛星,這個探測器有4對鏡頭,其中X-ray鏡頭必須接受能量強大的X射線,因此必須在使用中和被觀測目標相對平行,而且還要保持一個很長的腔體來讓X射線在其中反射,鏡頭本身要非常乾淨,而且採用了稀有金屬銥作為反射層,可以說是最乾淨、最平滑的鏡頭了,裝配精度只有人頭髮直徑的1/50,整個鏡頭於1996年9月在Eastman Kodak完工。這是Chandra最重要的一項子工程。
X射線被鏡頭的各個部分反射並增強,最後進入成像裝置
Chandra的樣子:有一個很長的鏡頭
多數人都看過EHT合成的M87黑洞照片(距離地球6000萬光年),也就是下圖右邊的那個甜甜圈,但是Chandra看到的黑洞樣子卻有很大不同,是下圖左側的樣子(https://chandra.harvard.edu/blackhole/),可以看到一束強勁的X射線從這個黑洞發出(用加號標誌了M87),這直接證實了理論計算的情況。
下圖稍微變更了角度,可以看得更加清楚,其中隱隱約約有個黑洞的樣子:-)
下圖是一個黑洞的示意圖,由於極高引力造成黑洞周圍的吸積盤有極高的轉速,當物質被黑洞吸引墜入黑洞之前,會釋放出很強的能量。
Illustration: ESO, ESA/Hubble, M.Kornmesser/N.Bartmann; Labels: NASA/CXC
吸積盤:accretion disk A disk of gas and dust that can accumulate around a center of gravitational attraction, such as a normal star, a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. As the gas spirals in due to friction, it becomes hot and emits radiation.
視界:event horizon Imaginary spherical surface surrounding a black hole, with radius equal to the Schwarzschild radius, within which no event can be seen heard, or known about by an outside observer.
奇點:singularity A point in the universe where the density of matter and the gravitational field are infinite, as in the center of a black hole.
相對論噴流:relativistic jet A powerful jet of radiation and particles traveling close to the speed of light.
相關資訊:
https://www.nasa.gov/chandra/
https://chandra.harvard.edu/about/telescope_system.html
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/main/index.html
圖文全版: http://www.brofive.org/?p=7720