概述
今天主要分享一個Linux主機安全基線指令碼，僅供參考。
基線檢查內容：[1] 賬號策略檢查
[2] 登入超時檢查
[3] 特權使用者檢查
[4] 空登入口令使用者檢查
[5] sudo許可權使用者檢查
[6] 使用者預設許可權檢查
[7] 系統關鍵目錄許可權檢查
[8] ssh配置檢查
[9] 系統ping服務檢查
[10] 系統telnet服務檢查
[11] 遠端連線的安全性配置檢查
[12] 異常隱含檔案檢查
[13] syslog登入事件檢查
[14] 日誌稽核功能檢查
[15] 系統core dump狀態檢查
安全基線檢查指令碼#! /bin/bash ####################################### linux主機安全基線檢查# copyright by hwb# date:2020-12-17######################################scanner_time=`date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S'`scanner_log="/tmp/checkResult_${scanner_time}.log"uptime=$(uptime | sed 's/.*up \([^,]*\), .*/\1/')#呼叫函式庫[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && source /etc/init.d/functionsexport PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/binsource /etc/profile#Require root to run this script.[ $(id -u) -gt 0 ] && echo "請用root使用者執行此指令碼！" && exit 1#報錯日誌記錄[ -f ${scanner_log} ] || touch ${scanner_log}function getSystemStatus(){ echo "" if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/i18n ];then default_LANG="$(grep "LANG=" /etc/sysconfig/i18n | grep -v "^#" | awk -F '"' '{print $2}')" else default_LANG=$LANG fi export LANG="en_US.UTF-8" Release=$(cat /etc/redhat-release 2>/dev/null) Kernel=$(uname -r) OS=$(uname -o) Hostname=$(uname -n) SELinux=$(/usr/sbin/sestatus | grep "SELinux status: " | awk '{print $3}') LastReboot=$(who -b | awk '{print $3,$4}') uptime=$(uptime | sed 's/.*up \([^,]*\), .*/\1/') echo " 系統：$OS" echo " 發行版本：$Release" echo " 核心：$Kernel" echo " 主機名：$Hostname" echo " SELinux：$SELinux" echo "語言/編碼：$default_LANG" echo " 掃描時間：$(date +'%F %T')" echo " 最後啟動：$LastReboot" echo " 執行時間：$uptime" export LANG="$default_LANG"}bk_safe(){ echo "" echo -e "\033[33m********************************Linux主機安全基線檢查***********************************\033[0m" echo "" echo -e "\033[36m 輸出結果"/tmp/bk_safe_$scanner_time.txt" \033[0m" echo "" echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "***********************`hostname -s` 主機安全檢查結果********************************" >> ${scanner_log} getSystemStatus >> ${scanner_log} echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`賬號策略檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[1] 賬號策略檢查中..." /bin/true passmax=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MAX_DAYS | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` passmin=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MIN_DAYS | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` passlen=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MIN_LEN | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` passage=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_WARN_AGE | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` if [ $passmax -le 90 -a $passmax -gt 0 ];then echo "[Y] 口令生存週期為${passmax}天，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 口令生存週期為${passmax}天，不符合要求,建議設定不大於90天" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $passmin -ge 6 ];then echo "[Y] 口令更改最小時間間隔為${passmin}天，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 口令更改最小時間間隔為${passmin}天，不符合要求，建議設定大於等於6天" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $passlen -ge 8 ];then echo "[Y] 口令最小長度為${passlen},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 口令最小長度為${passlen},不符合要求，建議設定最小長度大於等於8" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $passage -ge 30 -a $passage -lt $passmax ];then echo "[Y] 口令過期警告時間天數為${passage},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 口令過期警告時間天數為${passage},不符合要求，建議設定大於等於30並小於口令生存週期" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`登入超時檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[2] 登入超時檢查中..." /bin/true checkTimeout=$(cat /etc/profile | grep TMOUT | awk -F[=] '{print $2}') if [ $? -eq 0 ];then TMOUT=`cat /etc/profile | grep TMOUT | awk -F[=] '{print $2}'` if [ $TMOUT -le 600 -a $TMOUT -ge 10 ];then echo "[Y] 賬號超時時間${TMOUT}秒,符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 賬號超時時間${TMOUT}秒,不符合要求，建議設定小於600秒">> ${scanner_log} fi else echo "[N] 賬號超時不存在自動登出,不符合要求，建議設定小於600秒" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`特權使用者檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[3] 特權使用者檢查中..." /bin/true UIDS=`awk -F[:] 'NR!=1{print $3}' /etc/passwd` flag=0 for i in $UIDS do if [ $i = 0 ];then flag=1 fi done if [ $flag != 1 ];then echo "[Y] 不存在root賬號外的UID為0的異常使用者" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 存在非root但UID為0的異常使用者，請立刻進行排查" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`空登入口令使用者檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[4] 空登入口令使用者檢查中..." /bin/true userlist=`awk -F: 'length($2)==0 {print $1}' /etc/shadow` [ ! $userlist ] && echo "[Y] 不存在空登入口令使用者" >> ${scanner_log} for i in $userlist do echo "[N] $i登入密碼為空，不符合要求，建議為該使用者設定密碼！" >> ${scanner_log} done echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`具有sudo許可權使用者檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[5] sudo許可權使用者檢查中..." /bin/true sudolist=`cat /etc/sudoers |grep -v '^#' |grep -v Defaults| grep -v '^$'` echo "$sudolist" >> ${scanner_log} echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`使用者預設許可權檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[6] 使用者預設許可權檢查中..." /bin/true umask1=`cat /etc/profile | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` umask2=`cat /etc/csh.cshrc | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'` umask3=`cat /etc/bashrc | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk 'NR!=1{print $2}'` flags=0 for i in $umask1 do if [ $i != "027" ];then echo "[N] /etc/profile檔案中所所設定的umask為${i},不符合要求，建議設定為027" >> ${scanner_log} flags=1 break fi done if [ $flags == 0 ];then echo "[Y] /etc/profile檔案中所設定的umask為${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi flags=0 for i in $umask2 do if [ $i != "027" ];then echo "[N] /etc/csh.cshrc檔案中所所設定的umask為${i},不符合要求，建議設定為027" >> ${scanner_log} flags=1 break fi done if [ $flags == 0 ];then echo "[Y] /etc/csh.cshrc檔案中所設定的umask為${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi flags=0 for i in $umask3 do if [ $i != "027" ];then echo "[N] /etc/bashrc檔案中所設定的umask為${i},不符合要求，建議設定為027" >> ${scanner_log} flags=1 break fi done if [ $flags == 0 ];then echo "[Y] /etc/bashrc檔案中所設定的umask為${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`系統關鍵目錄許可權檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[7] 系統關鍵目錄許可權檢查中..." /bin/true file1=`ls -l /etc/passwd | awk '{print $1}'` file2=`ls -l /etc/shadow | awk '{print $1}'` file3=`ls -l /etc/group | awk '{print $1}'` file4=`ls -l /etc/securetty | awk '{print $1}'` file5=`ls -l /etc/services | awk '{print $1}'` #檢測檔案許可權為400的檔案 if [ $file2 = "-r--------" ];then echo "[Y] /etc/shadow檔案許可權為400，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] /etc/shadow檔案許可權不為400，不符合要求，建議設定許可權為400" >> ${scanner_log} fi #檢測檔案許可權為600的檔案 if [ $file4 = "-rw-------" ];then echo "[Y] /etc/security檔案許可權為600，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] /etc/security檔案許可權不為600，不符合要求，建議設定許可權為600" >> ${scanner_log} fi #檢測檔案許可權為644的檔案 if [ $file1 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then echo "[Y] /etc/passwd檔案許可權為644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] /etc/passwd檔案許可權不為644，不符合要求，建議設定許可權為644" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $file5 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then echo "[Y] /etc/services檔案許可權為644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] /etc/services檔案許可權不為644，不符合要求，建議設定許可權為644" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $file3 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then echo "[Y] /etc/group檔案許可權為644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] /etc/group檔案許可權不為644，不符合要求，建議設定許可權為644" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`SSH配置檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[8] ssh配置檢查中..." /bin/true remoteLogin=$(cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep -v ^# |grep "PermitRootLogin no") if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "[Y] 已經設定root不能遠端登陸，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 已經設定root能遠端登陸，不符合要求，建議/etc/ssh/sshd_config新增PermitRootLogin no引數" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`ping服務檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[9] 系統ping服務檢查中..." /bin/true pingd=`cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all` if [ "$pingd" = "1" ]; then echo "[Y] 伺服器已禁ping" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 伺服器未禁ping" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`telnet服務檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[10] 系統telnet服務檢查中..." /bin/true telnetd=`rpm -qa|grep telnet | wc -l` if [ $telnetd = "0" ]; then echo "[Y] 系統未安裝telnet服務 " >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 檢測到安裝了telnet服務，不符合要求，建議禁用telnet服務" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`遠端連線的安全性配置檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[11] 遠端連線的安全性配置檢查中..." /bin/true fileNetrc=`find / -xdev -mount -name .netrc -print 2> /dev/null` if [ -z "${fileNetrc}" ];then echo "[Y] 不存在.netrc檔案，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 存在.netrc檔案，不符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi fileRhosts=`find / -xdev -mount -name .rhosts -print 2> /dev/null` if [ -z "$fileRhosts" ];then echo "[Y] 不存在.rhosts檔案，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 存在.rhosts檔案，不符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`異常隱含檔案檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[12] 異常隱含檔案檢查中..." /bin/true hideFile=$(find / -xdev -mount \( -name "..*" -o -name "...*" \) 2> /dev/null) if [ -z "${hideFile}" ];then echo "[Y] 不存在隱藏檔案，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 存在隱藏檔案，建議仔細檢查：" >> ${scanner_log} for i in ${hideFile} do echo $i >> ${scanner_log} done fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`syslog登入事件檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[13] syslog登入事件檢查中..." /bin/true if [ -f "/etc/syslog.conf" ];then logFile=$(cat /etc/syslog.conf | grep -V ^# | grep authpriv.*) if [ ! -z "${logFile}" ];then echo "[Y] 存在儲存authpirv的日誌檔案" >> ${scanner_log} else echo "[N] 不存在儲存authpirv的日誌檔案" >> ${scanner_log} fi else echo "[N] 不存在／etc/syslog.conf檔案，建議對所有登入事件都記錄" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`日誌稽核功能檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[14] 日誌稽核功能檢查中..." /bin/true auditdStatus=$(service auditd status 2> /dev/null) if [ $? = 0 ];then echo "[Y] 系統日誌稽核功能已開啟，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ $? = 3 ];then echo "[N] 系統日誌稽核功能已關閉，不符合要求，建議service auditd start開啟" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} echo "`hostname -s`系統core dump狀態檢查結果" >> ${scanner_log} echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log} action "[15] 系統core dump狀態檢查中..." /bin/true limitsFile=$(cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -V ^# | grep core) if [ $? -eq 0 ];then soft=`cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -V ^# | grep core | awk {print $2}` for i in $soft do if [ "$i"x = "soft"x ];then echo "[Y] * soft core 0 已經設定" >> ${scanner_log} fi if [ "$i"x = "hard"x ];then echo "[Y] * hard core 0 已經設定" >> ${scanner_log} fi done else echo "[N] 沒有設定core，建議在/etc/security/limits.conf中新增* soft core 0和* hard core 0" >> ${scanner_log} fi echo "" cat ${scanner_log} echo ""}bk_safe後面會分享更多devops和DBA方面內容，感興趣的朋友可以關注下！
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