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Spring cloud alibaba講解《二》：微服務環境搭建

微服務環境搭建

我們本次是使用的電商專案中的商品、訂單、使用者為案例進行講解。

案例準備

1.1 技術選型

maven：3.3.9

資料庫：MySQL 5.7

持久層: SpingData Jpa

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技術棧

1.2 模組設計

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模組【實體類】

shop-user 使用者微服務 【埠: 807x】

shop-product 商品微服務 【埠: 808x】

shop-order 訂單微服務 【埠: 809x】

2.1.3 微服務呼叫

在微服務架構中，最常見的場景就是微服務之間的相互呼叫。我們以電商系統中常見的使用者下單為例來演示微服務的呼叫：客戶向訂單微服務發起一個下單的請求，在進行儲存訂單之前需要呼叫商品微服務查詢商品的資訊。

我們一般把服務的主動呼叫方稱為服務消費者，把服務的被呼叫方稱為服務提供者。

在這種場景下，訂單微服務就是一個服務消費者， 商品微服務就是一個服務提供者。

2 建立父工程

建立一個maven工程，然後在pom.xml檔案中新增下面內容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version></parent><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency>

版本對應：

3 建立基礎模組

1 建立 shop-common 模組，在pom.xml中新增依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

2 建立實體類

//使用者@Entity(name = "shop_user")@Datapublic class User {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Integer uid;//主鍵private String username;//使用者名稱private String password;//密碼private String telephone;//手機號}//商品@Entity(name = "shop_product")@Datapublic class Product {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
4 建立使用者微服務

步驟:

建立模組 匯入依賴 建立SpringBoot主類加入配置檔案 建立必要的介面和實現類(controller service dao)

新建一個 shop-user 模組，然後進行下面操作

1 建立pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-user</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

2 編寫主類

@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class UserApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);}}

3 建立配置檔案

server:port: 8071spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
5 建立商品微服務

1 建立一個名為 shop_product 的模組，並新增springboot依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-product</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

2 建立工程的主類

package com.itheima;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ProductApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);}}

3 建立配置檔案application.yml

server:port: 8081spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 建立ProductDao介面

package com.itheima.dao;public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {}

5 建立ProductService介面和實現類

package com.itheima.service.impl;@Servicepublic class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {@Autowiredprivate ProductDao productDao;@Overridepublic Product findByPid(Integer pid) {return productDao.findById(pid).get();}}

6 建立Controller

@RestController@Slf4jpublic class ProductController {@Autowiredprivate ProductService productService;@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);log.info("查詢到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));return product;}}

7 啟動工程，等到資料庫表建立完畢之後，加入測試資料

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'華為','2000','5000');INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'蘋果','3000','5000');INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8 透過瀏覽器訪問服務

6 建立訂單微服務

1 建立一個名為 shop-order 的模組,並新增springboot依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-order</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

2 建立工程的主類

package com.itheima;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}}

3 建立配置檔案application.yml

server:port: 8091spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 建立OrderDao介面

package com.itheima.dao;public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {}

5 建立OrderService介面和實現類

@Servicepublic class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {@Autowiredprivate OrderDao orderDao;@Overridepublic void save(Order order) {orderDao.save(order);}}

6 建立RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}@Beanpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}}

7 建立Controller

package com.itheima.controller;@RestController@Slf4jpublic class OrderController {@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowiredprivate OrderService orderService;//準備買1件商品@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {log.info(">>客戶下單，這時候要呼叫商品微服務查詢商品資訊");//透過restTemplate呼叫商品微服務Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);

8 啟動工程,透過瀏覽器訪問服務進行測試

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