01
VIKOR定義
VIKOR是Opricovic於1998年提出的一種多屬性決策方法，屬於一種多屬性決策中最佳化妥協解方法，也是一種基於理想點法的決策方法。
VIKOR is a multi-attribute decision-making method proposed by Opricovic in 1998. It is an optimized compromise solution method in multi-attribute decision-making, and it is also a decision-making method based on the ideal point method.
02
VIKOR簡介
VIKOR的基本觀念在於首先界定理想解與負理想解，而後根據各備選方案的評估值與理想方案的接近程度來排列方案之間的優先順序。在綜合的方法上，VIKOR採用了Lp-metric發展而來的聚合函式。其最大的特色就是最大化群體效益和最小化反對意見的個別遺憾，所以其妥協解可被決策者接受。
The basic concept of VIKOR is to first define the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution, and then arrange the priority between the solutions according to the closeness of the evaluation value of each alternative solution to the ideal solution. In the comprehensive method, VIKOR uses the aggregate function developed from Lp-metric. Its biggest feature is to maximize group benefits and minimize individual regrets of objections, so its compromise solution can be accepted by decision makers.
03
例題分析
某汽車製造商需要在A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6,和A7個零部件供應商中選擇一個合作伙伴，其指標評價值如圖：
An automobile manufacturer needs to select a partner from A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, and A7 parts suppliers. The index evaluation value is shown in the figure:
解：
①將成本型指標正向化（交貨提前期，產品成本）
Positive cost indicators (delivery lead time, product cost)
②規範化矩陣Normalized matrix
先求出各列元素的平方和的開方分別為（0.1223,2,4447,2.3901,0.0124）,再求得規範化矩陣
First find out the roots of the sum of squares of the elements in each column are (0.1223, 2, 4447, 2.3901, 0.0124), and then find the normalized matrix
④計算各方案到正理想解和負理想解的距離比值Calculate the ratio of the distance between each scheme to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution
⑤計算利益比率Q
Calculate interest ratio Q
V為“大多數準則”策略的決策機制係數，v值體現了準則的重要程度或決策者的偏好。V>0.5時，表示根據大多數人，屬於風險偏好型；v=0.5時，兼顧大多數群體利益和少數反對意見，屬於風險中性型；v<0.5時，根據少數人所持的反對意見，屬於風險厭惡型。一般取v=0.5。
V is the coefficient of the decision-making mechanism of the "majority criterion" strategy, and the value of v reflects the importance of the criterion or the preference of the decision maker. When V>0.5, it means that it belongs to the risk preference type according to the majority of people; when v=0.5, it takes into account the interests of the majority group and the minority objections, which is risk-neutral; when v<0.5, according to the objection held by the minority, It belongs to the risk aversion type. Generally, v=0.5.
參考資料：百度、谷歌翻譯