首頁>技術>

上一篇博文中,說明了怎麼引進Prometheus到asp.net core專案中,因為是Demo,所以Prometheus和Grafana都是windows版本,本地執行的,生產環境上這些服務可以根據的公司的架構,放到適合的環境內,現在這些服務都支援跨平臺化和容器化。並且在上篇部落格中展示的是http請求的基礎資訊模板,本篇部落格介紹自定義Prometheusr指標型別。

Prometheus有四種指標型別:Counter(計數器)、Gauge(儀表盤)、Histogram(直方圖)、Summary(摘要),如果對業務的指標進行收集展示,在專案中是侵入式程式設計的,如果專案使用Prometheus.net進行對接Permetheus,是透過該包中的靜態方法 Metrics.CreateCounter(),Metrics.CreateGauge(),Metrics.CreateSummary(),Metrics.CreateHistogram()來建立靜態指標收集器,完成對業務指標收集的。

我們先來看具體Demo。

1、Counter:計數器,只增不減

先設定個業務場景:比如做一個商城,有使用者註冊(/register),下訂單(/order),支付(/pay),發貨(/ship)四個API,程式碼如下:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;using PrometheusSample.Models;using PrometheusSample.Services;using System;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace PrometheusSample.Controllers{    [ApiController]    [Route("[controller]")]    public class BusinessController : ControllerBase    {        private readonly ILogger<BusinessController> _logger;        private readonly IOrderService _orderService;        public BusinessController(ILogger<BusinessController> logger, IOrderService orderService)        {            _orderService = orderService;            _logger = logger;        }        /// <summary>        /// 註冊        /// </summary>        /// <param name="username">使用者名稱</param>        /// <returns></returns>        [HttpPost("/register")]        public async Task<IActionResult> RegisterUser([FromBody] User user)        {            try            {                _logger.LogInformation("使用者註冊");                var result = await _orderService.Register(user.UserName);                if (result)                {                    return new JsonResult(new { Result = true });                }                else                {                    return new JsonResult(new { Result = false });                }            }            catch (Exception exc)            {                _logger.LogCritical(exc, exc.Message);                return new JsonResult(new { Result = false, Message = exc.Message });            }        }        [HttpGet("/order")]        public IActionResult Order(string orderno)        {            try            {                _logger.LogInformation("下單");                             return new JsonResult(new { Result = true });            }            catch (Exception exc)            {                _logger.LogCritical(exc, exc.Message);                return new JsonResult(new                {                    Result = false,                    Message = exc.Message                });            }        }        [HttpGet("/pay")]        public IActionResult Pay()        {            try            {                _logger.LogInformation("支付");                return new JsonResult(new { Result = true });            }            catch (Exception exc)            {                _logger.LogCritical(exc, exc.Message);                return new JsonResult(new { Result = false, Message = exc.Message });            }        }        [HttpGet("/ship")]        public IActionResult Ship()        {            try            {                _logger.LogInformation("發貨");                return new JsonResult(new { Result = true });            }            catch (Exception exc)            {                _logger.LogCritical(exc, exc.Message);                return new JsonResult(new { Result = false, Message = exc.Message });            }        }    }}

上面是基本的業務Controller,為了降低依賴,我們的業務指標收集統一到一箇中間件中去收集,中介軟體根據請求的url,和返回的資料結果資料進行業務指標資料的收集,當然也可以引入action過濾器或MediatR等中介者模式的元件來隔離業務邏輯的開發與監控資料的採集。

本例是用中介軟體的方式,首先定義一個靜態的指標收集器:

   public class MetricsHub    {        private static Dictionary<string, Counter> _counterDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Counter>();         public Counter GetCounter(string key)        {            if (_counterDictionary.ContainsKey(key))            {                return _counterDictionary[key];            }            else            {                return null;            }        }        public void AddCounter(string key, Counter counter)        {            _counterDictionary.Add(key, counter);        }    }

定義中介軟體BusinessMetricsMiddleware

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;using PrometheusSample.Models;using System.IO;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace PrometheusSample.Middlewares{    /// <summary>    /// 請求記錄中介軟體    /// </summary>    public class BusinessMetricsMiddleware    {        private readonly RequestDelegate _next;        public BusinessMetricsMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)        {            _next = next;        }        public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context, MetricsHub metricsHub)        {            var originalBody = context.Response.Body;            try            {                using (var memStream = new MemoryStream())                {                    //從管理返回的Response中取出返回資料,根據返回值進行監控指標計數                    context.Response.Body = memStream;                    await _next(context);                    memStream.Position = 0;                    string responseBody = new StreamReader(memStream).ReadToEnd();                    memStream.Position = 0;                    await memStream.CopyToAsync(originalBody);                    if (metricsHub.GetCounter(context.Request.Path) != null || metricsHub.GetGauge(context.Request.Path) != null)                    {                        //這裡約定所有action返回值是一個APIResult型別                        var result = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<APIResult>(responseBody, new System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions { PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true });                        if (result != null && result.Result)                        {                            //獲取到Counter                            var counter = metricsHub.GetCounter(context.Request.Path);                            if (counter != null)                            {                                //計數                                counter.Inc();                            }                        }                    }                }            }            finally            {                context.Response.Body = originalBody;            }        }    }}

中介軟體中,只要action請求返回的Result為true,就會計數,這樣做的前提條件是業務返回值有統一約定;但每個action返回不可能都一樣的,如果有特例,可以用action過濾器或中介者模式元件來對應。

再看一下Starup中是怎麼配置這個中介軟體的:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;using Prometheus;using PrometheusSample.Middlewares;using PrometheusSample.Services;using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace PrometheusSample{    public class Startup    {        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)        {            Configuration = configuration;        }        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)        {            MetricsHandle(services);            services.AddScoped<IOrderService, OrderService>();            services.AddControllers();            services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>            {                c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "PrometheusSample", Version = "v1" });            });        }        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)        {            if (env.IsDevelopment())            {                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();                app.UseSwagger();                app.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "PrometheusSample v1"));            }            app.UseRouting();            //http請求的中介軟體            app.UseHttpMetrics();            app.UseAuthorization();            //自定義業務跟蹤            app.UseBusinessMetrics();            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>            {                //對映監控地址為  /metrics                endpoints.MapMetrics();                endpoints.MapControllers();            });        }        /// <summary>        /// 處理監控事項        /// </summary>        /// <param name="services"></param>        void MetricsHandle(IServiceCollection services)        {            var metricsHub = new MetricsHub();            //counter            metricsHub.AddCounter("/register", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_register_user", "註冊使用者數。"));            metricsHub.AddCounter("/order", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_order_total", "下單總數。"));            metricsHub.AddCounter("/pay", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_pay_total", "支付總數。"));            metricsHub.AddCounter("/ship", Metrics.CreateCounter("business_ship_total", "發貨總數。"));            services.AddSingleton(metricsHub);        }    }}

MetricsHandle中,我們添加了四個action,分別對應的四個計數器,這樣,當這四個url有請求,並且返回值中的result=true時,就會往對應的計數器上計數。

這樣資料收集好了,現在開始在Grafana中配置顯示的圖表了:

訂單各狀態總數配置:

訂單各狀態30秒內數量跟蹤折線

最後的執行結果是:

總結實現自定義業務計數器步驟

1、分析業務,規劃好監控跟蹤指標

2、定義指標收集器

3、侵入程式設計(儘量在開發時分離業務實現與監控指標的收集程式碼)收集指標

4、開發grafana展示模板,完成展示

10
  • BSA-TRITC(10mg/ml) TRITC-BSA 牛血清白蛋白改性標記羅丹明
  • 基於sysbench進行虛擬機器與物理機壓測效能對比