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前言

某天早晨,吃完早餐,坐回工位,開啟電腦,開啟 chrome,進入友盟頁面,發現了一個崩潰資訊:

  java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resume activity   {com.youdao.youdaomath/com.youdao.youdaomath.view.PayCourseVideoActivity}:   android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that   created a view hierarchy can touch its views.      at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:3824)      at android.app.ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:3856)      at android.app.servertransaction.ResumeActivityItem.execute(ResumeActivityItem.java:51)      at  android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeLifecycleState(TransactionExecutor.java:   145)      at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:70)      at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1831)      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:201)      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6806)      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)      at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:547)      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:873)  Caused by: android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original   thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.      at android.view.ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:8000)      at android.view.ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:1292)      at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:23147)      at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:23147)      at android.widget.TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:8914)      at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:5736)      at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:5577)      at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:5534)      at android.widget.Toast.setText(Toast.java:332)      at com.youdao.youdaomath.view.common.CommonToast.showShortToast(CommonToast.java:40)      at com.youdao.youdaomath.view.PayCourseVideoActivity.checkNetWork(PayCourseVideoActivity.java:137)      at com.youdao.youdaomath.view.PayCourseVideoActivity.onResume(PayCourseVideoActivity.java:218)      at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnResume(Instrumentation.java:1413)      at android.app.Activity.performResume(Activity.java:7400)      at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:3816)

一眼看上去似乎是比較常見的子執行緒修改UI的問題。並且是在Toast上面報出的,常識告訴我Toast在子執行緒彈出是會報錯,但是應該是提示Looper沒有生成的錯,而不應該是上面所報出的錯誤。那麼會不會是生成Looper以後報的錯的?


一、

所以我先做了一個demo,如下:

    @Override    protected void onResume() {        super.onResume();        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"子執行緒彈出Toast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        thread.start();    }

執行一下,果不其然崩潰掉,錯誤資訊就是提示我必須準備好looper才能彈出toast:

    java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't toast on a thread that has not called Looper.prepare()        at android.widget.Toast$TN.<init>(Toast.java:393)        at android.widget.Toast.<init>(Toast.java:117)        at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:280)        at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:270)        at com.netease.photodemo.MainActivity$1.run(MainActivity.java:22)        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:764)

接下來就在toast裡面準備好looper,再試試吧:

        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                Looper.prepare();                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"子執行緒彈出Toast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                Looper.loop();            }        });        thread.start();

執行發現是能夠正確的彈出Toast的:

!image](//upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/10239771-212081efa66d5c73.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/2/w/454/format/webp)

那麼問題就來了,為什麼會在友盟中出現這個崩潰呢?

二、

然後仔細看了下報錯資訊有兩行重要資訊被我之前略過了:

  at com.youdao.youdaomath.view.PayCourseVideoActivity.onResume(PayCourseVideoActivity.java:218)
  t android.widget.Toast.setText(Toast.java:332)

發現是在主執行緒報了Toast設定Text的時候的錯誤。這就讓我很納悶了,子執行緒修改UI會報錯,主執行緒也會報錯?感覺這麼多年Android白做了。這不是最基本的知識麼?於是我只能硬著頭皮往原始碼深處看了:先來看看Toast是怎麼setText的:

    public static Toast makeText(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable Looper looper,            @NonNull CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) {        Toast result = new Toast(context, looper);        LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)                context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);        View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);        TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);        tv.setText(text);        result.mNextView = v;        result.mDuration = duration;        return result;    }

很常規的一個做法,先是inflate出來一個View物件,再從View物件找出對應的TextView,然後TextView將文字設定進去,所以感覺似乎一點問題都沒有。那麼既然出現了這個錯誤,總得有原因吧,或許是自己原始碼看漏了?那就重新再看一遍ViewRootImpl#checkThread方法吧:

    void checkThread() {        if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {            throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(                    "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");        }    }

這一看,還真的似乎給我了一點頭緒,系統在checkThread的時候並不是將Thread.currentThread和MainThread作比較,而是跟mThread作比較,那麼有沒有一種可能mThread是子執行緒?一想到這裡,我就興奮了,全類檢視mThread到底是怎麼初始化的:

    public ViewRootImpl(Context context, Display display) {        ...程式碼省略...        mThread = Thread.currentThread();       ...程式碼省略...    }

可以發現全類只有這一處對mThread進行了賦值。那麼會不會是子執行緒初始化了ViewRootimpl呢?似乎我之前好像也沒有研究過Toast為什麼會彈出來,所以順便就先去了解下Toast是怎麼show出來的好了:

    /**     * Show the view for the specified duration.     */    public void show() {        if (mNextView == null) {            throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");        }        INotificationManager service = getService();        String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();        TN tn = mTN;        tn.mNextView = mNextView;        try {            service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);        } catch (RemoteException e) {            // Empty        }    }

呼叫Toast的show方法時,會通過Binder獲取Service即NotificationManagerService,然後執行enqueueToast方法(NotificationManagerService的原始碼就不做分析),然後會執行Toast裡面如下方法:

        @Override        public void show(IBinder windowToken) {            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);            mHandler.obtainMessage(SHOW, windowToken).sendToTarget();        }

傳送一個Message,通知進行show的操作:

        @Override        public void show(IBinder windowToken) {            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);            mHandler.obtainMessage(SHOW, windowToken).sendToTarget();        }

在Handler的handleMessage方法中找到了SHOW的case,接下來就要進行真正show的操作了:

        public void handleShow(IBinder windowToken) {            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView                    + " mNextView=" + mNextView);            // If a cancel/hide is pending - no need to show - at this point            // the window token is already invalid and no need to do any work.            if (mHandler.hasMessages(CANCEL) || mHandler.hasMessages(HIDE)) {                return;            }            if (mView != mNextView) {                // remove the old view if necessary                handleHide();                mView = mNextView;                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();                String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName();                if (context == null) {                    context = mView.getContext();                }                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);                // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting                // the layout direction                final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();                final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());                mParams.gravity = gravity;                if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {                    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;                }                if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {                    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;                }                mParams.x = mX;                mParams.y = mY;                mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;                mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;                mParams.packageName = packageName;                mParams.hideTimeoutMilliseconds = mDuration ==                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DURATION_TIMEOUT : SHORT_DURATION_TIMEOUT;                mParams.token = windowToken;                if (mView.getParent() != null) {                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);                    mWM.removeView(mView);                }                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);                // Since the notification manager service cancels the token right                // after it notifies us to cancel the toast there is an inherent                // race and we may attempt to add a window after the token has been                // invalidated. Let us hedge against that.                try {                    mWM.addView(mView, mParams);                    trySendAccessibilityEvent();                } catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) {                    /* ignore */                }            }        }

程式碼有點長,我們最需要關心的就是mWm.addView方法。相信看過ActivityThread的同學應該知道mWm.addView方法是在ActivityThread的handleResumeActivity裡面也有呼叫過,意思就是進行ViewRootImpl的初始化,然後通過ViewRootImp進行View的測量,佈局,以及繪製。看到這裡,我想到了一個可能的原因:那就是我的Toast是一個全域性靜態的Toast物件,然後第一次是在子執行緒的時候show出來,這個時候ViewRootImpl在初始化的時候就會將子執行緒的物件作為mThread,然後下一次在主執行緒彈出來就出錯了吧?想想應該是這樣的。

三、

所以繼續做我的demo來印證我的想法:

    @Override    protected void onResume() {        super.onResume();        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {            @Override            public void run() {                Looper.prepare();                sToast = Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"子執行緒彈出Toast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);                sToast.show();                Looper.loop();            }        });        thread.start();    }    public void click(View view) {        sToast.setText("主執行緒彈出Toast");        sToast.show();    }

做了個靜態的toast,然後點選按鈕的時候彈出toast,執行一下:

image

發現竟然沒問題,這時候又開始懷疑人生了,這到底怎麼回事。ViewRootImpl此時的mThread應該是子執行緒啊,沒道理還能正常執行,怎麼辦呢?debug一步一步除錯吧,一步一步除錯下來,發現在View的requestLayout裡面parent竟然為空了:

然後在仔細看了下當前 View是一個LinearLayout,然後這個View的子View是TextView,文字內容是"主執行緒彈出toast",所以應該就是Toast在new的時候inflate的佈局

  View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);

在Android原始碼社群中搜索"transient_notification"找到了對應的toast佈局檔案,開啟一看,果然如此:

  <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:layout_width="match_parent"      android:layout_height="match_parent"      android:orientation="vertical"      android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground">      <TextView          android:id="@android:id/message"          android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"          android:layout_weight="1"          android:layout_marginHorizontal="24dp"          android:layout_marginVertical="15dp"          android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"          android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast"          android:textColor="@color/primary_text_default_material_light"          />  </LinearLayout>

也就是說此時的View已經是頂級View了,它的parent應該就是ViewRootImpl,那麼為什麼ViewRootImpl是null呢,明明之前已經show過了。看來只能往Toast的hide方法找原因了

四、

所以重新回到Toast的類中,檢視下Toast的hide方法(此處直接看Handler的hide處理,之前的操作與show類似):

  public void handleHide() {              if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);              if (mView != null) {                  // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has                  // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when                  // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.                  if (mView.getParent() != null) {                      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);                      mWM.removeViewImmediate(mView);                  }                  // Now that we've removed the view it's safe for the server to release                  // the resources.                  try {                      getService().finishToken(mPackageName, this);                  } catch (RemoteException e) {                  }                  mView = null;             }          }

此處呼叫了mWm的removeViewImmediate,即WindowManagerImpl裡面的removeViewImmediate方法:

    @Override    public void removeViewImmediate(View view) {        mGlobal.removeView(view, true);    }

會呼叫WindowManagerGlobal的removeView方法:

  public void removeView(View view, boolean immediate) {          if (view == null) {              throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");          }          synchronized (mLock) {              int index = findViewLocked(view, true);              View curView = mRoots.get(index).getView();              removeViewLocked(index, immediate);              if (curView == view) {                  return;              }              throw new IllegalStateException("Calling with view " + view                      + " but the ViewAncestor is attached to " + curView);          }      }

然後呼叫removeViewLocked方法:

  private void removeViewLocked(int index, boolean immediate) {          ViewRootImpl root = mRoots.get(index);          View view = root.getView();          if (view != null) {              InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance();              if (imm != null) {                  imm.windowDismissed(mViews.get(index).getWindowToken());              }          }          boolean deferred = root.die(immediate);          if (view != null) {              //此處呼叫View的assignParent方法將viewParent置空              view.assignParent(null);              if (deferred) {                  mDyingViews.add(view);              }          }      }

所以也就是說在Toast時間到了以後,會呼叫hide方法,此時會將parent置成空,所以我剛才試的時候才沒有問題。那麼按道理說只要在Toast沒有關閉的時候點選再次彈出toast應該就會報錯。所以還是原來的程式碼,再來一次,這次不等Toast關閉,再次點選:

果然如預期所料,此時在主執行緒彈出Toast就崩潰。

五、

那麼問題原因找到了:是在專案子執行緒中有彈出過Toast,然後Toast並沒有關閉,又在主執行緒彈出了同一個物件的toast,會造成崩潰。此時內心有個困惑:如果是子執行緒彈出Toast,那我就需要寫Looper.prepare方法和Looper.loop方法,為什麼我自己一點印象都沒有。於是我全域性搜尋了Looper.prepare,發現並沒有找到對應的程式碼。所以我就全域性搜尋了Toast呼叫的地方,發現在JavaBridge的回調當中找到了:

    class JSInterface {        @JavascriptInterface        public void handleMessage(String msg) throws JSONException {            LogHelper.e(TAG, "msg::" + msg);            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(msg);            String callType = jsonObject.optString(JS_CALL_TYPE);            switch (callType) {                ...程式碼省略..                case JSCallType.SHOW_TOAST:                    showToast(jsonObject);                    break;                default:                    break;            }        }    }    /**     * 彈出吐司     * @param jsonObject     * @throws JSONException     */    public void showToast(JSONObject jsonObject) throws JSONException {        JSONObject payDataObj = jsonObject.getJSONObject("data");        String message = payDataObj.optString("data");        CommonToast.showShortToast(message);    }

但是看到這段程式碼,又有疑問了,我並沒有在Javabridge的回撥中看到有任何準備Looper的地方,那麼為什麼Toast沒有崩潰掉?所以在此處加了一段程式碼:

    class JSInterface {        @JavascriptInterface        public void handleMessage(String msg) throws JSONException {            LogHelper.e(TAG, "msg::" + msg);            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(msg);            String callType = jsonObject.optString(JS_CALL_TYPE);            Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();            Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();            switch (callType) {                ...程式碼省略..                case JSCallType.SHOW_TOAST:                    showToast(jsonObject);                    break;                default:                    break;            }        }    }

並且加了一個斷點,來檢視下此時的情況:

確實當前執行緒是JavaBridge執行緒,另外JavaBridge執行緒中已經提前給開發者準備好了Looper。所以也難怪一方面奇怪自己怎麼沒有寫Looper的印象,一方面又很好奇為什麼這個執行緒在開發者沒有準備Looper的情況下也能正常彈出Toast。


總結

至此,真相終於找出來了。相比較發生這個bug 的原因,解決方案就顯得非常簡單了。只需要在CommonToast的showShortToast方法內部判斷是否為主執行緒呼叫,如果不是的話,new一個主執行緒的Handler,將Toast扔到主執行緒彈出來。這樣就會避免了子執行緒彈出。

PS:本人還得吐槽一下 Android,Android官方一方面明明宣稱不能在主執行緒以外的執行緒進行UI的更新,另一方面在初始化ViewRootImpl的時候又不把主執行緒作為成員變數儲存起來,而是直接獲取當前所處的執行緒作為mThread儲存起來,這樣做就有可能會出現子執行緒更新UI的操作。從而引起類似我今天的這個bug。

結尾

其實對於程式設計師來說,要學習的知識內容、技術有太多太多,要想不被環境淘汰就只有不斷提升自己,從來都是我們去適應環境,而不是環境來適應我們!

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