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  • 1 # 俊俏冰淇淋2v

    第一種:關系代詞引導的定語從句

    關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等成分。關系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

    1)who, whom, that

    這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:

    Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

    他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

    He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

    他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

    2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

    They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

    那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

    Please pass me the book whose cover is green.

    =Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.

    請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

    3)which, that

    它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:

    A prosperitywhich / thathas never been seen before appears in the countryside.

    農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)

    The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

    你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)

    4)but

    在句中作主語,在意義上相當於 who not或that not

    5)than

    一般用在形式為比較級的複合句中,其結構為形容詞比較級(more)...than+從句

    第二種:關系副詞引導的定語從句

    關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

    1)when, where,why

    關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.

    There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

    任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

    Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

    北京是我的出生地。

    Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

    這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

    2)that代替關系副詞

    that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:

    His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

    他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

    He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

    他不太可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。

    判斷關系代詞與關系副詞

    方法一: 用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要 求用關系代詞。

    例如:

    (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

    (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

    (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

    (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

    習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。

    方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時,應選擇關系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語時,應選擇關系副詞。